The Techie Glossary
|
|
Letter
|
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
2nd |
A C D E G M N O P R S T |
|
IA   
|
IAB
stands for the Internet Activities Board.
This technical body oversees development of the TCP/IP
Internet suite of protocols.
It has two coordinated task forces in the IRTF
and the IETF each in charge of particular
areas of activities.
|
|
IC
|
ICMP
stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. This email
protocol is used to handle errors
and control messages for the IP protocol.
Similar to POP3, though it does maintain
a list of the messages on the server.
ICMP is part of protocol suite TCP/IP. Icons
are pictures on a computer screen
that are used to represent things. Icons are used in a graphical
user interface operating systems
and can be found in programs, directories
or on the desktop. An icon can represent
a document, an image, a file or a program
The icon is designed to provide easy access to something within the computer
system for the user.
|
|
ID
|
IDE
stands for Intelligent Drive Electronics. It is a type of data
bus used inside computer
hardware to interface
between the motherboard and an IDE drive.
|
|
IE
|
IESG
is the Internet Engineering Steering Group. This is the executive committee
heading for the IETF who are responsible
for developing the Internet network
architecture and governing Internet standards. IETF
stands for the Internet Engineering Task Force. Along with the IRTF,
one of the two task forces of the IAB. The
IETF is a large international group of engineers and information technologists
who are responsible for developing the Internet
network architecture. The IETF is the
governing body that reviews and publishes the RFCs
on that the Internet and web standards
are based. The Internet Engineering Steering
Group is the executive committee of the IETF.
|
|
IG
|
IGP
stands for Interior Gateway Protocol. This gateway
protocol is used in conjunction with routing
protocols to exchange information between corresponding routers
on a network. RIP
and IGRP are two examples of IGP router
protocols. The OSPF are the proposed standards
for the IGP. IGRP
stands for Internet Gateway Routing Protocol which is proprietary IGP
protocol used by certain routers
as gateways.
|
|
Im
|
Image
mapping
is the
hyperlinking of different areas of
an image published on the web to
allow access to divergent web pages.
Images
are
pictorial representations on a computer.
Images published on the web are usually
either in a GIF or JPEG
format. Imaging
a hard drive is the process
of copying a formatted
drive to clone it for future use. IMAP
stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. The IMAP protocol
is an alternate method to POP used by email
clients when communicating with email
servers across the Internet.
An email client application program
can use IMAP to retrieve email or to manipulate email messages stored
on the server without having to retrieve them. IMAP can manage multiple
mail boxes. Importing
of files or objects
into a software application is the process
of taking a copy of it and converting it for use inside of the importing
application.
|
|
In
|
Information
superhighway
is a phrase used for the Internet and
the underlying infrastructure. It was coined by politicians and the media
of the 1980s, but is no longer used in popular vernacular. The term reflected
the emerging Internet in the United States at the time. Information
Technology
(IT) is the general term that encompasses the entire
field of data processing and network
communications, including the Internet,
intranets and computer
systems themselves. IT spans from hardware
to software to network
architecture. Most medium and large size companies have an IT department.
Initializing
a hard drive is the process
of the operating system recognizing
the formatted drive. Input
is the term used for entering information into a computer
and also for the information entered. Data
is inputted into a computer system usually through a mouse
or a keyboard. Input can be data entered
into a GUI or command
line interface by the user. Input
devices are
hardware devices that allow a user
to input information into the computer
system. Examples of input devices that come with most computers are
a keyboard and a mouse.
This term also may include devices like styluses,
scanners or cameras. Input-output
systems
are hardware components of a computer
architecture that channels the data into
and out of the CPU located on the motherboard. Inputting
is the term used for the act of entering information into a computer
whether with a GUI or command
line interface. Insert
key
refers to a key on the keyboard that has
the word Insert or INS on it. This key toggles between two modes the insert
mode and the overwrite mode. The
insert mode in word processing programs
and on the command line indicate that
the current character typed is inserted
between two characters. The overwrite mode the character highlighted
will be written over when a character is typed. Usually there is an on
screen indicator that tells the user
which mode it is in. Insert
mode
in word processing programs
and on the command line indicate that
the current character typed is inserted
between two characters. In overwrite mode
anything will be written over when a character is typed. The insert
key toggles between these two modes. Usually there is some indication
on screen that tells the user
which mode it is in. INTAP
stands for INteroperability Technology Association for Information Processing
in Japanese. The technical organization that has the official charter
to develop OSI profiles and conformance
testing of network technologies in Japan.
Integrated
circuit
is a semiconductor that contains more than one transistor or more than
one component on a circuit board. Interactive
is used in a variety of ways, but generally it means that the user
has more control to influence the direction of a software
application or web application. Interface
can be used to refer to the connection between two hardware
devices, or it can be used to describe the relationship between a
computer system or software
application, and the user. Interlaced
is a feature of a monitor that shows
the capability to produce a high resolution
display.
This is a high quality computer display
method that has more screen flicker than
with other display types. Interleaved
memory
is a method of speeding access to DRAM
by dividing it into large banks. Intermediate
systems
are computer systems in the OSI
network model that are not end systems
for users, but they use bridge,
repeater, or routers
to connect end systems. International
Standards Organization (ISO) was created for
standardization in many technical areas for engineers. This organization
has developed standards for computers
and networks including the OSI
network model and the ISODE. Internet
refers to the worldwide network of computers
that was originally developed from a scientific network project called
the ARPANET used to protect and ensure
data connectivity for the defense department.
This network grew by connecting a set of large national backbone
nets, including MILNET, NSFNET,
along with a myriad of regional campus networks all over the world. Slowly
this mega network evolved into today's Net that now includes electronic
communications such as email, Gopher,
FTP, Telnet,
Usenet and the World
Wide Web. The Internet is the world's largest decentralized network
or catenet. It uses the TCP/IP
protocol suite within the open OSI
network model
and is governed
by the Internet Activities Board.
Internet
Activities Board
(IAB) is the technical body which oversees development
for the Internet suite of
TCP/IP protocols. It uses two coordinated
task forces, the IRTF and the IETF,
which each are in charge of supervising particular areas of activities. Internet
addresses
are the IP addresses that identifies devices
on a network. They also are the 32-bit
addresses assigned to hosts on the Internet
using TCP/IP. The Internet protocol
allows over sextillion number sets using the dotted
decimal notation to assign Internet addresses.
Internet
Engineering Steering Group (IESG) is the executive
committee heading for the IETF who are
responsible for developing the Internet
network architecture and governing
Internet standards. Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF), along with the
IRTF, is one of the two task forces of
the IAB. The IETF is a large international
group of engineers and information technologists who are responsible for
developing the Internet network
architecture. The IETF is the governing body that reviews and publishes
the RFCs on that the Internet and web
standards are based. The Internet Engineering
Steering Group is the executive committee of the IETF. Internet
gateways
are web sites that are used as an initial
introduction to users to the Internet.
In networking terms gateways are network
devices that can connect a local area network
with another network or the Internet. Internet
Protocols
(IP) is part of the TCP/IP
protocol suite that is used to define
Internet addresses. The standards for
this protocol is overseen by the Internet Activities Board
and defined by the RFCs . This network
protocol operates on the network layer
of the OSI network model by connecting
all the resources with IP addresses. Internet Protocol,
version, 6 called IPv6, is the successor to IPv4. IPv6 allows over sextillion
number sets of addresses using the dotted decimal
notation. Internet
Relay Chat (IRC) is the standard protocol
used for setting up chat rooms on the Internet.
Users create public channels for chatting
with other users. Any text inputted on
a given channel is seen by all others in the channel. Private channels
can also be created for making conference calls and holding private conversations.
Internet
Service Provider
(ISP) is a company or institution that provides access
to the Internet. They usually also
provide other services, such as web hosting
and email. Interrupt
requests
are an internal computer hardware
address that tells the operating system
where the peripheral devices can access
the processor. These settings can usually
be configured by the user for each device,
but should normally be set by the computer
system. Intranets
are internal networks within an institution
not directly connected to the Internet,
but that rely on the Internet protocols
such as TCP/IP and HTTP
to connect HTML documents and other
files. It can be a collection of internal
networks interconnected by routers that
allow them to function as one large virtual network. Intrusion
detection
is the practice of using automated procedures to determine if someone
is accessing a computer system. These utilities
include firewalls, tripwires,
and sniffers.
|
|
IO
|
IONL
stands for Internal Organization of the Network Layer. The OSI
standard covers the network architecture
of the network layer. This is used to
break the network layer into subnetworks
interconnected by convergence protocols
creating a catenet network.
|
|
IP
|
IP
stands for Internet Protocol. It is part of the TCP/IP
protocol suite that is used to define
Internet addresses. The standards for
this protocol is overseen by the Internet Activities Board
and defined by the RFCs . This network
protocol operates on the network layer
of the OSI network model by connecting
all the resources with IP addresses. Internet Protocol,
version, 6 called IPv6, is the successor to IPv4. IPv6 allows over sextillion
number sets of addresses using the dotted decimal
notation. IP
addresses are
used to identify hardware devices or computer
systems on a network by use of a unique
IP number. This number is assigned from a
32-bit addressing system that uses the dotted
decimal notation to assign IP addresses. It is the addressing method
for the TCP/IP protocol
suite. Unique IP addresses are used by ISPs
for the web hosting of every web
site on the Internet. IP
datagrams are
the basic units of data passed across the
Internet using the IP
protocol. They contain the source and
destination IP addresses along with the
data and a number of header fields that
define such things as the length of the datagram, the checksum,
and flags to say whether their is IP fragmentation.
IP
fragmentation
is the process in which an IP
datagram is broken into smaller pieces to fit the requirements of
a given network. The reverse process is
called reassembly. The largest possible
datagram that can be sent on a physical network
is given by its MTU. IP
port
is part of the HTTP protocol
used in TCP/IP as part of the Internet
address. Every service on a server
listens on a particular port number. The HTTP
service defaults to port 80. In a web browser
the port for the URL address can be specified
as a number after a colon at the end of the domain name. IPNG
stands for Internet Protocol the Next Generation defines a new transport
layer for the Internet TCP/IP
protocol suite and includes 128 bit
IP addresses.
|
|
IR
|
IRC
stands for Internet Relay Chat which
is the standard protocol used for setting
up chat rooms on the Internet.
Users create public channels for chatting
with other users. Any text inputted on
a given channel is seen by all others in the channel. Private channels
can also be created for making conference calls and holding private conversations.
IRTF
stands for Internet Research Task Force, one of the task forces of the
IAB. This Internet
group is responsible for research and development of the TCP/IP
protocol suite.
|
|
IS
|
IS-IS
stands for Intermediate System to Intermediate System. The ISIS protocol
is based on the OSI model in which the intermediate
systems exchange data routing
information. ISDN
stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. A technology being explored
in telecommunications. ISDN combines
analog and digital
network services including data
services as well as voice connections through a single phone line. The
standards that define ISDN are specified by CCITT.
ISO
stands for International Standards Organization
was created for standardization
in many technical areas. They have developed standards for computers
and networks including the OSI
network model and the ISODE. ISODE
stands
for ISO Development Environment. This is a popular programming
environment and protocol
used in the upper layers of OSI
network model created by the ISO. ISP
stands for Internet Service Provider. This is a company
or institution that provides access to the Internet.
They usually also provide other service like web
hosting and email.
|
|
IT
|
IT
stands for Information Technology. This general term
encompasses the entire field of data processing
and network communications, including the
Internet, intranets
and computer systems themselves. IT
spans from hardware to software
to network architecture. Most medium
and large size companies have an IT department.
|
